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The viscoelastic fluid flow model across a porous medium has captivated the interest of many contemporary researchers due to its industrial and technical uses, such as food processing, paper and textile coating, packed bed reactors, the cooling effect of transpiration and the dispersion of pollutants through aquifers. This article focuses on the influence of variable viscosity and viscoelasticity on the magnetohydrodynamic oscillatory flow of second-order fluid through thermally radiating wavy walls. A mathematical model for this fluid flow, including governing equations and boundary conditions, is developed using the usual Boussinesq approximation. The governing equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using non-similarity transformations. The numerical results obtained by applying finite-difference code based on the Lobatto IIIa formula generated by bvp4c solver are compared to the semi-analytical solutions for the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles obtained using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The effect of flow parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration profiles, skin friction coefficient, heat and mass transfer rate, and skin friction coefficient is examined and illustrated graphically. The physical parameters governing the fluid flow profoundly affected the resultant flow profiles except in a few cases. By using the slope linear regression method, the importance of considering the viscosity variation parameter and its interaction with the Lorentz force in determining the velocity behavior of the viscoelastic fluid model is highlighted. The percentage increase in the velocity profile of the viscoelastic model has been calculated for different ranges of viscosity variation parameters. Finally, the results are validated numerically for the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number profiles.

The viscoelastic fluid flow model across a porous medium has captivated the interest of many contemporary researchers due to its industrial and technical uses, such as food processing, paper and textile coating, packed bed reactors, the cooling effect of transpiration and the dispersion of pollutants through aquifers. This article focuses on the influence of variable viscosity and viscoelasticity on the magnetohydrodynamic oscillatory flow of second-order fluid through thermally radiating wavy walls. A mathematical model for this fluid flow, including governing equations and boundary conditions, is developed using the usual Boussinesq approximation. The governing equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using non-similarity transformations. The numerical results obtained by applying finite-difference code based on the Lobatto IIIa formula generated by bvp4c solver are compared to the semi-analytical solutions for the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles obtained using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The effect of flow parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration profiles, skin friction coefficient, heat and mass transfer rate, and skin friction coefficient is examined and illustrated graphically. The physical parameters governing the fluid flow profoundly affected the resultant flow profiles except in a few cases. By using the slope linear regression method, the importance of considering the viscosity variation parameter and its interaction with the Lorentz force in determining the velocity behavior of the viscoelastic fluid model is highlighted. The percentage increase in the velocity profile of the viscoelastic model has been calculated for different ranges of viscosity variation parameters. Finally, the results are validated numerically for the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number profiles.

Реологическое поведение водных суспензий на основе наноразмерных частиц диоксида кремния сильно зависит от динамической вязкости, которая непосредственно влияет на применение наножидкостей. Целью данной работы являются разработка и валидация моделей для прогнозирования динамической вязкости от независимых входных параметров: концентрации диоксида кремния SiO₂, кислотности рН, а также скорости сдвига $\gamma$. Проведен анализ влияния состава суспензии на ее динамическую вязкость. Выявлены статистически однородные по составу группы суспензий, в рамках которых возможна взаимозаменяемость составов. Показано, что при малых скоростях сдвига реологические свойства суспензий существенно отличаются от свойств, полученных на более высоких скоростях. Установлены значимые положительные корреляции динамической вязкости суспензии с концентрацией SiO₂ и кислотностью рН, отрицательные — со скоростью сдвига $\gamma$. Построены регрессионные модели с регуляризацией зависимости динамической вязкости $\eta$ от концентраций SiO₂, NaOH, H₃PO₄, ПАВ (поверхностно-активное вещество), ЭДА (этилендиамин), скорости сдвига $\gamma$. Для более точного прогнозирования динамической вязкости были обучены модели с применением алгоритмов нейросетевых технологий и машинного обучения (многослойного перцептрона MLP, сети радиальной базисной функции RBF, метода опорных векторов SVM, метода случайного леса RF). Эффективность построенных моделей оценивалась с использованием различных статистических метрик, включая среднюю абсолютную ошибку аппроксимации (MAE), среднюю квадратическую ошибку (MSE), коэффициент детерминации $R^2$, средний процент абсолютного относительного отклонения (AARD%). Модель RF показала себя как лучшая модель на обучающей и тестовой выборках. Определен вклад каждой компоненты в построенную модель, показано, что наибольшее влияние на динамическую вязкость оказывает концентрация SiO₂, далее кислотность рН и скорость сдвига $\gamma$. Точность предлагаемых моделей сравнивается с точностью ранее опубликованных в литературе моделей. Результаты подтверждают, что разработанные модели можно рассматривать как практический инструмент для изучения поведения наножидкостей, в которых используются водные суспензии на основе наноразмерных частиц диоксида кремния.

The rheological behavior of aqueous suspensions based on nanoscale silicon dioxide particles strongly depends on the dynamic viscosity, which affects directly the use of nanofluids. The purpose of this work is to develop and validate models for predicting dynamic viscosity from independent input parameters: silicon dioxide concentration SiO₂, pH acidity, and shear rate $\gamma$. The influence of the suspension composition on its dynamic viscosity is analyzed. Groups of suspensions with statistically homogeneous composition have been identified, within which the interchangeability of compositions is possible. It is shown that at low shear rates, the rheological properties of suspensions differ significantly from those obtained at higher speeds. Significant positive correlations of the dynamic viscosity of the suspension with SiO₂ concentration and pH acidity were established, and negative correlations with the shear rate $\gamma$. Regression models with regularization of the dependence of the dynamic viscosity $\eta$ on the concentrations of SiO₂, NaOH, H₃PO₄, surfactant (surfactant), EDA (ethylenediamine), shear rate γ were constructed. For more accurate prediction of dynamic viscosity, the models using algorithms of neural network technologies and machine learning (MLP multilayer perceptron, RBF radial basis function network, SVM support vector method, RF random forest method) were trained. The effectiveness of the constructed models was evaluated using various statistical metrics, including the average absolute approximation error (MAE), the average quadratic error (MSE), the coefficient of determination $R^2$, and the average percentage of absolute relative deviation (AARD%). The RF model proved to be the best model in the training and test samples. The contribution of each component to the constructed model is determined. It is shown that the concentration of SiO₂ has the greatest influence on the dynamic viscosity, followed by pH acidity and shear rate γ. The accuracy of the proposed models is compared to the accuracy of models previously published. The results confirm that the developed models can be considered as a practical tool for studying the behavior of nanofluids, which use aqueous suspensions based on nanoscale particles of silicon dioxide.